Several groups influence Petra’s tourism system:
- The Bedoul community, who rely on tourism but are still excluded from management.
- The Petra Development and Tourism Region Authority (PDTRA), which manages tourism and conservation policies.
- The Jordanian government and Ministry of Tourism, which promote Petra as a national and international attraction.
- International organizations such as UNESCO, who emphasize heritage preservation.
- Tourists, who shape demand and sometimes unknowingly reinforce the power imbalance through their spending choices.
Relationships among these actors are complicated. The PDTRA enforces strict rules about who can sell or guide inside Petra, but Bedoul families continue to work there anyway because relocation didn’t give them stable alternatives (Salameh, 2022). This ongoing conflict shows the gap between official tourism policy and the idea of community-based inclusion.